Foreign Affairs And Foreign Trade - 1905 Words

MEMORANDUM To: Honorable Maxine McClean, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade From: Monica Perez Date: November 14, 2015 RE: Engaging in trilateral cooperation: Mitigating the Chinese threat to U.S. hegemony in Latin America STATEMENT OF ISSUE: Barbados is a net importing developing country (NIDC) with food imports significantly exceeding food exports. As in most Caribbean islands, domestic agricultural output and food processing is limited. Barbados relies on imports of practically the full range of food products to meet the needs of its population. In fact, Barbados imports 70% of its food, over a third of which comes from the United States. As a result, food security in terms of food self-sufficiency and self-reliance is severely lacking. Moreover, the expanding tourism sector further fuels the demand for U.S. food products. U.S. exports to Barbados of snacks, dairy products, processed fruits vegetables, fruit vegetable juices, and seafood products have all registered increases since 2010. Fresh, chilled and frozen red meat products are also an important product category which increased by 150% since 2010. These food imports, particularly those of processed foods, are often associated with increasing weight and higher rates of chronic non-communicable diseases (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, heart disease, and cancer). Within the Barbadian population, the increased consumption of animal fats, sugar products and salt from processed foods has ledShow MoreRelatedThe United States Of Foreign Affairs And Trade Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pagesthe USA from the rest of the world. Thus, Americans who work nearly across borders but who live in the United States are not always aware of the enormous differences in the way other countries do business. As an adviser of the ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade should be know how the culture is important and may affect culture relationship and they may impact they have on financially on business venture. Financial and business issues are affected by language. Discussions between the buyer and sellerRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Affairs. Tate Tankersley.1740 Words   |  7 Pages The United States and Foreign Affairs Tate Tankersley Ms. Scannell English IV Honors December 20, 2016 The United States of America’s economy and military is far too involved in foreign affairs. Foreign affairs are policies of a government in dealing with other countries or with activities overseas, government offices or departments. The United States has always been involved in Foreign affairs since its creation. Although foreign affairs are vital for the sake of the UnitedRead MoreAustralia Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagessocial advances rely substantially on exports and commodity values within Southeast Asia and the Pacific (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2016a). The stability of South East Asia and the Oceania enables prevention against illegal activities and supports social cohesion for Australia nationally and internationally. It is also the basis for prosperity and is a resourceful trade route for Australian goods and energy sources. Australia’s top five trading partners are the United States, Japan, ChinaRead MoreJapanese Australia Economic Partnership A greement1565 Words   |  7 Pagespharmacy sectors, allowing Japan to create jobs form the ageing population instead of losing jobs (Japan-Australia Economic Partnership Agreement, n.d.). Queensland exports merchandise valued at $8.8 billion a year to Japan, with Japans long standing trade relations with Australia reaching back to the 1960’s and Australia’s help of minerals, energy security, food safety and security it made it easier for Japan and Australia to sign this agreement allowing for the development in new markets for theseRead MorePresidency and Foreign Policy Making Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pagesauthority in regard to foreign policy making, and whether the Congress ought to hold a significant role in the foreign decision making process, it is imperative to take into account the executive powers vested on the U.S presidency. This paper posits that the Presidency should be considered to be dominant, while at other times the Congress should be considered to be the dominant authority. In this perspective, it is essential that the Congress plays an important role in the foreign policy making processRead MoreUnited States Foreign Policy. The World Today Is Ravaged1292 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States Foreign Policy The world today is ravaged by weather disasters, economic disaster, diplomatic disputes, and even military conflict. The United States puts these issues into a category called foreign policy. Foreign policy is defined as a government s strategy in dealing with foreign affairs. (â€Å"Foreign Policy,† 2017) The United States has the challenge of facing all of these problems on a daily basis. Whether it is resolving issues in the South China Sea, or aiding countries damagedRead MoreThe Future Effect Of The Election Of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau1131 Words   |  5 PagesTrudeau in terms of the Canadian foreign policy in the restructuring of military intervention in foreign affairs and the pro-trade globalization mandates of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Trudeau’s election defines the overriding political agenda of the Liberal Party of Canada to stop ineffective bombing missions in Syria and Iraq, yet to maintain special forces troops to better manage the war aga inst ISIS. More so, Trudeau supports the globalization of Canadian trade by promoting the positive effectsRead MoreThe United States Foreign Policy1667 Words   |  7 PagesAs Kelly Anderson’s Foreign Policy Analyst, the following memo will address three areas of the United States’ foreign policy. The U.S. has gone through may transition when it comes to its foreign policy. The United States has been an isolationist, neutralist, and internationalist country from the year it was founded to now. The executive branch and the president apply their power to influence and change the nation’s foreign policy. There are specific departments within the Executive Office of theRead MoreDevelopment of Foreign Policy Essay697 Words   |  3 PagesRevolution, there was no foreign policy for the American new found state. However, this changed with the formation of the same. The policy then consisted mainly on its regional interests and had no regards of the international sce ne. This however came to pass with the advent of the Spanish-American war. What however ought to be noted is that the regional policy had in its ideals an aim of creating an ‘Empire of Liberty’. The US had its first taste of having a foreign affairs office through the FirstRead MoreWho Is Australia s Most Important Ally Today? Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesWho is Australia’s most important ally today? And why? The United States of America is Australia’s most important ally today. When considering what makes an ally so great, we must take into consideration a number of factors. Defence, trade, diplomatic and relationships with other countries. This essay will look at why The United States of America (U.S.) is Australia’s strongest Ally. Defence Australia is a British settled colony; nevertheless, Australian forces have fought together with the United

Essay Topics for Argumentative Essays

<h1>Essay Topics for Argumentative Essays</h1><p>The best paper themes for factious expositions will build your ubiquity with the article. On the off chance that you don't generally have one, at that point you could keep in touch with a couple. Be that as it may, you are certainly not confounded recorded as a hard copy your article theme. You need to continue attempting until you discover something that is working for you.</p><p></p><p>Sometimes article points are anything but difficult to track down, for example, the ones on American governmental issues. There are some exposition subjects that can be very difficult to expound on, however. These will incorporate history, fiction, philosophical contention, and logical thinking. These kinds of articles are composed by a few diverse writers.</p><p></p><p>Writing pugnacious expositions is actually a troublesome activity. Something you ought to consider when you are keeping in touch with them is your own experience. For instance, in the event that you are composing a paper on American history, you can decide to utilize the American Revolution, Civil War, or Reconstruction. What you pick relies upon your own advantage and energy for the subject.</p><p></p><p>As a model, in the event that you are composing a paper on American history, at that point you may decide to utilize the American Revolution, Civil War, or Reconstruction. However, on the off chance that you're keen on reasoning, at that point you can decide to compose an article on American way of thinking. Your decision relies upon your own advantages and interests. One might say, your decision isn't generally a choice.</p><p></p><p>Of course, you may likewise choose to search for paper points that others have composed. On the off chance that you do this, it won't be extremely troublesome. Furthermore, this will build your prevalence, since you are not confined to anything, other than what you have as of now written.</p><p></p><p>You can likewise discover article subjects on the web. Perhaps the greatest site isWriting Excuses. It has around a million or so article points. On the off chance that you join, you'll get loads of new points, so there is no compelling reason to stress over composing your own essays.</p><p></p><p>So, whatever your territory of intrigue is, there are a lot of article subjects to compose. You simply need to continue attempting until you locate the one that is generally charming for you.</p>

How To Go About Reading Food Microbiology Research Papers

How To Go About Reading Food Microbiology Research PapersFood microbiology research papers are used for several purposes, including education and entertainment. But whatever their purpose, they can be easily acquired in the form of articles, web sites and other media that feature food microbiology research papers. The best part about these research papers is that they allow people to access vital information and include data that is not necessarily available on the Internet or in the public library.However, before one goes out to review these microbiology research papers, he or she should always have a few things clear in his or her mind. First, one should know how to go about reading them. One way of reading these papers is by downloading them from the Internet or acquiring them in the form of e-books. However, if one wants to access these foods research papers online, he or she needs to find a platform to access them and this can either be a website that specializes in these types of materials or a blog site.While reading these microbiology research papers, one should keep in mind that any of the content that he or she sees is not necessarily accurate. The main reason for this is that some people make use of statistical methods that make it appear as though they are telling the truth when in fact, the content is not accurate and this is something that a person should never ignore.The next thing that a person needs to do is to take note of the source that he or she obtained the food microbiology research papers from. These sources could be e-books, websites, magazines and even blogs. Once this is done, one can begin reviewing the content of these papers and understand what they are talking about.After reviewing the contents of the food microbiology research papers, a person should be able to assess whether or not the content is true or false. This will come in handy because a person should beable to make a conclusion based on his or her understanding of the co ntent of the paper. For example, if a person finds the content of the paper to be untrue, he or she should proceed to discard the entire content as being incorrect.When it comes to making conclusions, a person can always consult the reviews on the Internet for a more accurate reading of the food microbiology research papers. On the other hand, he or she can also base his or her own conclusions on what he or she learns from the review. If a person has access to e-books, a person can simply read the reviews and then come to his or her own conclusions on what the content says.While browsing through the various sites, a person can learn about many new things and he or she can read all kinds of opinions on various topics. However, a person should not forget to look for reviews on the website or on the blog so that he or she can come to a conclusion based on the review and not just on the content. Finally, once a person has read the whole paper, he or she should note down the content that he or she has read so that he or she can go back and review it again in the future.Although it can be quite challenging to go through the paper, one should be willing to go through it if the content is untrue. Doing so will allow a person to gain a more accurate understanding of what this type of literature is all about.

What Do You Know About Terms of Service?

What Do You Know About Terms of Service?It is not a secret that there are a number of terms that are used in the English language that might not be familiar to most of us. One of these is the term 'terms of service'. This term is defined as any contract or legal agreement that allows someone to legally agree on something that affects his or her rights and the rights of other people.Terms of service are also referred to as 'whereas' contracts. They can be used when a client wants something to happen but it is beyond his or her control. A common example is when a car owner has to sign a written agreement that says if the car is stolen, the person that steals it will be given another car.The basic terms of service are very common because they help both the client and the provider get something done when a problem arises. However, it does have some nuances. Some of these are where, how, when, how much, why, who and what.Where is used in the definitions of these terms to tell if the servi ce will be given in a certain location. If the location is too far for the service provider to reach, the provider may be required to pay the client extra for the service so it can be done.How is used in the terms of service to indicate what will be included in the service. This will vary depending on the provider, but the things that will be included in the terms of service usually include the date of completion, who will perform the service, how much, what will be included in the service, and why the service will be given.Who is used in the definitions of these terms of service to give information about who will perform the service. This will vary depending on the type of service, but in the case of this term, it can be the client who is paying the provider, an employee or a third party. This term is also used when an agreement will be made so that a third party or employee can perform the service.The last part of the term paper that will be used is what will be included in the se rvice. This term will determine if the service is going to be legal, illegal, or outside the scope of the law. This term will be reviewed by a lawyer for a fee.

Venus and Andy Warhol Essay - 2165 Words

Botticelli and Warhol’s Art Works of Venus Sandro Botticelli created the beautiful, captivating, and norm breaking Birth of Venus. It depicts the story of the goddess Venus, having emerged from the sea as a full grown woman arriving at the shore. Painted in 1486, and with the medium of tempera on canvas, The Birth of Venus hangs in the Uffizi gallery in Florence Italy. This renaissance painting is huge and is 67.9 inches tall by 109.6 inches wide. Andy Warhol’s screen print Venus was done is 1984 and has been mass produced all over the country. There are many critiques and analysis for both of these pieces. Also there is a large amount of comparisons between the two, because they are both of the same goddess. There is a lot of†¦show more content†¦The idea is you buy multiple pieces of the image, but each is a different color. Because this image was a screen print, there are many different colors and color combinations of this one image. For example on one v ersion Venus has a black face with vibrant red, yellow and orange hair. In another version the background is completely black, while Venus is more muted, by this I mean she does not look as bold, but bold colors are still used. She has pale skin, with the same red, yellow, orange vibrant hair only with a clear matte covering over it to give the faded effect. In another popular version the background is purple, and Venus’s face is blue, with the vibrant fire colored hair. The composition of Warhol’s Venus is much simpler than Botticelli’s. It is just her head, neck and a small portion of the top of her left shoulder. She is centered on the rectangular piece with her pony tail flowing to the right and her loose hair around the left side of her neck. She is still making the same facial expression as the original and her body position is still relaxed and comfortable. The line work is very heavy. There is alternating line color and thickness to show her curls in her hair. Also the details of her face are partially done in contour lines. For example the nose and the eyebrows are simple lines but done in a contrasting color of the face. The shadows and highlights on Venus are doneShow MoreRelatedDetails Of Renaissance Paintings ( Sandro Botticelli, Birth Of Venus836 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance Paintings (Sandro Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1482) (1984) by Andy Warhol acrylic and silkscreen ink on linen Viewed at Arkansas Arts Center Andy Warhol exhibition (October 28, 2008) A Modern Venus Andy Warhol’s piece titled Details of Renaissance Paintings (Sandro Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1482) represents the face of the goddess Venus. This piece was made in 1984 as a depiction of the face of Venus from the earlier painting The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli that was completed in 1482Read MoreAndy Pope of Pop Warhol 690 Words   |  3 PagesThe American artist, Andy Warhol, was one of the major influential artists in the late 20th century, during the pop art movement. One of his art pieces is called Details of Renaissance Paintings (Sandro Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1482) made in 1984 and currently located at The Andy Warhol Museum in his hometown. For all of his art works (printmaking, painting, cinema, photography), Warhol gives a whole new different perspective and meaning to society, by giving a â€Å"personality† to his work. The culturalRead MoreWharhol and Modern Art888 Words   |  4 PagesWarhol simply took everyday items and transformed them into amazing pop art pieces: To create his pieces, Warhol put himself upon the task of discovering not only what most stood out in modern art, but he also looked at what was popular. He realized that the many Americans shopped for food frequently and he set it upon himself to create an extensive line of supermarket merchandises. His line of merchandise art compromised of price tags, Bristol boxes as well as a banana, and Coca-Cola bottles .Warhol’sRead MorePornography In The Media1532 Words   |  7 Pagesand national contexts. Social attitudes towards the discussion and presentation of sexuality have become more tolerant in Western countries, and legal definitions of obscenity have become more limited, notably beginning in 1969 with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol, the first adult erotic film depicting explicit sex to receive wide theatrical release in the United States, and the subsequent Golden Age of Porn, More recently, sites such as Pornhub, RedTube, and YouPorn, in addition to much pirated porn postedRead MoreEssay on Cultures Influences on Art1453 Words   |  6 Pagesreflection can be seen in Manet’s realist artwork of Olympia, and similarly, Umberto Boccioni’s Unique forms of Continuity and Space reflects different beliefs and conventions merely as a result of societal changes. Pop Art works such a Andy Warhol’s Marilyn x 100 and Post – modern works, such as Yasumasa Morimura’s Monna Lisa in its Origin, are also strong reflections of the society in which they were created. Edouard Manet’s Olympia, an extremely controversial paintingRead MoreAppropriation Of Art : Art2941 Words   |  12 Pagesborrowed to create the new work. There has been an ongoing debate about the validity of appropriated art probably since art has existed. The striking resemblance of Titian s Urbino to Manet s Olympia to pick one out of the classic art bag. Venus of Urbino 1538 Edouard Manet Olympia 1873 For me personally, I tend to agree with Picasso when he said , â€Å"The bad artist imitate, the great artists steal.† Fountain - the 1917 work by Marcel Duchamp canRead MoreArt History Study Guide3003 Words   |  13 Pages–Temptation of St. Anthony * Chapter 21 Early Italian Renaissance (15th century) * Early Italian Renaissance * Alberti –Palazzo Rucellai; Santa Maria Novella, Florence; Sant’Andrea, Mantua * Botticelli –Primavera; Birth of Venus; Portrait of a Youth * Brunelleschi –Sacrifice of Isaac; Dome of Florence Cathedral; San Lorenzo; Santo Spirito; Pazzi Chapel; ‘Spedele Degli Innocenti * Castagna –Last Supper, Sant’Apollonia * di Banco, Nanni –Four CrownedRead MoreIwc1 Literature, Arts and Humanities Essay10028 Words   |  41 Pagestwo sculptures (Image a, Bust of Marcus Aureliusand Image c, The Capitoline Brutus) are Roman. Question 4: Multiple Choice Which prehistoric period is best known for its Venus figurines? a) Paleolithic b) Mesolithic c) Neolithic d) Babylonian Feedback: The correct answer is a. The Paleolithic period is known for Venus figurines. Question 5: Multiple Choice This late Renaissance school of painting featured the use of distorted figures in difficult poses, strange artificial colors, andRead More The History of Art Essay4153 Words   |  17 Pagesdepicted in ways to enhance the human race; either through religious, mystical, hunting charms, or whatever the themes all center around humans. The form does take on specific significance when viewed in the context of history and culture. The Venus of Willendorf is the earliest officially dated sculpture know to the modern western world yet she is far different from the Aegeans’ Cycladic figures known as the Minoan age. Yet both figurines the full-figured Willendorf and the slender Cycladic

Christianity Portrayed in Jane Eyre free essay sample

There is a difference between spirituality and religion, and Bronte presents this to readers through her novel. In times of despair and difficulty, Jane turns and relies on the God in whom she believes. As with any religion, Christianity is the faith of many people, sometimes labeled â€Å"good†, and sometimes labeled â€Å"bad† by society. Jane Eyre is a novel that portrays the genuine, as well as hypocritical aspects of Christianity and varying members of the faith. It seeks to honestly tell the story of a woman from childhood to adulthood as she encounters Christianity in different situations and environments, including the positive and negative aspects. Jane Eyre is as much of an anti-Christian novel as a pro-Christian novel, as it is a genuine representation of a frank experience with the Christian faith. While Bronte does promote the spiritual awareness of the protagonist in some situations, she does make a point to criticize some aspects of the Christian religion in other points. Brocklehurst, the headmaster of Lowood, where a young Jane attends school, acts as the epitome of religious hypocrisy and severity. Upon meeting the small Jane, Brocklehurst is already presented as a hard-hearted and insensitive man. After admitting that she is not interested in the book of Psalms in the Bible, Mr. Brocklehurst rebukes her and proclaims, â€Å"That proves you have a wicked heart; and you must pray to God to change it—to give you a new and clean one—to take away your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh† (Bronte 32). This harsh manner is the one Brocklehurst assumes the rest of the novel, as he oppressively resides over the all girls’ school whilst withholding vital resources he labels â€Å"comforts† and institutes general regulations of frugality even as he lives in a large comfortable mansion in an upper class lifestyle. His decisions for the school cause widespread illness and ultimate death, as well as many discomforts among the young girls in school. Mr. Brocklehurst is portrayed as a cold, uncompassionate and threatening authority figure. He relies on religion to belittle people in lesser societal roles than he, and to further his own appearance of a â€Å"good† Christian man. Upon his initial meeting and first discussion with Jane, he says to her, â€Å"Little girl, here is a book entitled the Child’s Guide: read it, with prayer, especially that part containing an ‘account of the awfully sudden death of Martha G, a naughty child, addicted to falsehood and deceit’† (Bronte 34). He intimidates her with religion and instills fear in her, even though she is very young and naive. This conversation and Brocklehurst are presented as cold and unnecessarily harsh, Brocklehurst acting as yet another severe aspect of Jane’s life instead of a loving one that religion could have the power to give her. Besides recognizing negative aspects of Christianity, Bronte takes time to exemplify the honest traits and actions of a heartfelt member of the Christian religion. Helen is a genuine follower of Jesus Christ through her actions and expressed thoughts. During a conversations about the Christian faith with Jane, Helen says, â€Å"I believe; I have faith; I am going to God†, to which Jane responds with the questions, â€Å"Where is God? What is God? † (Bronte 90). Once the conversation concludes, Jane thinks, â€Å"Where is that region? Does it exist? † regarding the hopeful afterlife Helen described in their previous conversation (Bronte 90). Helen plays an important role in Jane’s life. She is her one true friend at Lowood, and she is a person that holds the value of others much higher than herself. She acts as a somewhat of a spiritual leader for Jane. Before becoming close with Helen, Jane never had a personal confidant to guide her or share wisdom or genuine knowledge about Christianity, especially in the loving manner Helen assumes. Living a majority of her childhood and adolescence in Lowood, Jane looked to Helen as a role model in many ways, even after Helen’s young death. Jane admired Helen for her gentility, humility, and utter compassion for others. Helen acted as an accurate representation of loving Christians, a representation Jane had not experienced previous to her experiences with Helen, or with Miss Temple, a notable teacher who cared for Jane more than any other member of the Lowood faculty. These figures in Jane’s life play an important role in sharing the ideal roles of Christianity, not the skewed Christian values promoted by other characters such as Brocklehurst. After abruptly leaving Thornfield and the escaping romantic pressures from Rochester, Jane finds herself struggling for survival on her own during her travels to the unknown future and destinations. Yet in the struggle, Bronte writes, â€Å"I felt the might and strength of God. Sure was I of His efficiency to save what He had made†¦ I turned my prayer to thanksgiving; the Source of Life was also the Saviour of spirits. Mr. Rochester was safe; he was God’s, and by God would he be guarded† (Bronte 377). It should reveal a great deal about Jane’s awareness and relationship to God that she takes the time to thank God in times of perceived blessing, and that she seeks and finds comfort in Him. There seems to exist a level of comfort and assurance in the God she praises that she encounters nowhere else. One of the main lessons learned in Jane Eyre is to not settle one’s goals to comply with others’ expectations. Jane has opportunities to comply with others’ demands and to become someone she is truly not, exemplified by the instances of St. John demanding her hand in marriage to become his missionary companion and of Rochester’s offer for her to essentially become his mistress. She does not lower her standards, and trusts in God when her well thought decisions seem unwise initially. Jane, although she remains independent in her reasoning for actions and major life decisions, does turn to God in times of trouble and despair. She thanks the deity when inexplicable blessings or occurrences are bestowed upon her. Her religious tendencies during these times seem to reveal a great deal about her honest views towards God she holds in her heart. After Jane finds comfort and rescue with her unknown cousins, Bronte writes, â€Å"I thanked God; experienced amid unutterable exhaustion a glow of grateful joy—and slept† (Bronte 392). Clearly Jane holds a high esteem for God and does see him as a major working hand in her life. Bronte’s life holds many parallels to Jane’s life in the novel. She too went to a boarding school as a child, in an institution with low maintenance standards, as two of her sisters died due to illnesses received there (Cody). Bronte married, and although she â€Å"admired† her husband, she never fell in love with him (Cody). This relationship can remind us of her relationship with St. John, and how she loved him as a good man of God and as a familial cousin, but not as a husband. In her fictional novel, Bronte, perhaps temporarily living through Jane, escaped this type of marriage and found love with Rochester. Perhaps the novel is the life Bronte would have preferred, and viewed it as her escape into a life with an outcome she desired. Of the most well known critiques of Jane Eyre is the critical review by Elizabeth Rigby, published in the Quarterly Review in December of 1848. Rigby claimed, â€Å"Altogether the autobiography of Jane Eyre is pre-eminently an anti-Christian composition† (Rigby). This review harps on the â€Å"unregenerate and undisciplined spirit† Jane supposedly possesses, as well as Jane being â€Å"proud and†¦ ungrateful† (Rigby). Rigby affirms that â€Å"Currer Bell† (Bronte’s pen name) is a man, and criticizes the unknown author for his â€Å"total ignorance of the habits of society†¦ and a heathenish doctrine of religion† (Rigby). According to Rigby, Jane never undergoes a visible change from the grace savlvation of God. Yet is she not a compassionate human being, putting others before herself and making respectable life choices for herself? Does she not call to God in time of trouble, and of blessing? Jane possessed a quiet, and often detached outer personality in most circumstances of conversation and interaction with others; this does not equal to a hard heart or a sprit untouched by Christ. Jane Eyre could hardly be considered an anti-Christian novel from nearly any perspective. Bronte exemplifies some hypocritical and unappealing aspects of the Christian religion, such as Brocklehurst in his religious and oppressive plight over Lowood and the students, and St. John’s insistence upon the marriage and missionary service for Jane.

The Use Of Data Warehouse In Decision Making Process Essays

The Use Of Data Warehouse In Decision Making Process INTRODUCTION It is obvious that there is no organization running without data. The data can be viewed as tangible assets of an organization just as any physical asset. So, they need to be stored and made available to those who need them when they need them. However, the data by themselves are useless. So, they must be put together to produce useful information. In turn, information becomes the basis for relational decision making. To facilitate the decision-making process, a new development of database systems was developed called data warehouse. The data warehouse can be generally described as a decision-support tool that collects its data from operational databases and various external sources, transforms them into information and making that information available to decision-makers (top managers) in a consolidated and consistent manner. (2:64)(4:82) BACKGROUND The data warehouse is not more than a database but separated from other databases like the operational database distributed database and text database. When did management start to utilize this powerful tool and why they seek to use it. The data warehouse has been developed at the beginning of 1980s. However, it was optimize to transform non-organized and lightly summarized data from the operational database into analytical tool that supports intelligent decision-making. (6:19) The term DSS (Decision support system) database is used interchangeably with the data warehouse. On the other hand, other names for the operational database are transactional database and production database. WHAT IS A DATA WAREHOUSE? The data warehouse can be very simply defined as an integrated, subject-oriented, time variant and non-volatile database that provides support for decision-making (5:39) (6:19). The following four sections will explain what this definition means. Integration The data warehouse is a centralized database that integrates data from different sources (6:19) with diverse formats. This integration of the data provides a unified view of the overall organizational situation. Data integration enhances decision-making and helps the manager to better understand the operations of the organization (6:19). Subject-Oriented The data in DSS database are organized to provide answers to questions coming from different areas within the organization. They are arranged by topic such as sales, marketing, finance and so on. The DSS database contains specific subject for each topic like customer, product, region and so on. This form of data organization is different that of more process-oriented of the operational database system. (5:39,43) Time Variant The data warehouse contains historical data over a long time. Those data reflect what happened last week, last month, the past five years and the like. (6:19) Non-Volatile Once the data enter the data warehouse, they are never removed or changed. Because the data warehouse represents the entire history of the organization, the data from operational database are always added to it. Since DSS data are never deleted and new data are periodically added, the data warehouse is always growing. Thats why the data warehouse must be able to have hardware that supports gigabytes and even terabytes size of databases. (5:43) THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPERATIONAL DATABASE AND THE DATA WAREHOUSE The operational database and the DSS database differ in the roles the do as well as the data characteristics for each one. Main Role The transactional database is optimized to support transactions that represent daily operations (2:67). For example, during the registration period at KFUPM, each time a student adds, drops courses, or changes sections, he must be accounted for by the operational database system of the university. So, student data and course data are in frequent update mode. On the other hand, the data warehouse is optimized to support data analysis and decision-making (2:64). Basically, it takes the summarized data from the operational database, filters them for analysis and decision making processes (2:64). For instance, the manager of the admission and registration department may ask for the number of students at KFUPM taking ENGL-214 last summer. The data warehouse answers this query for him. Then, he would take decision whether to increase number of sections of this particular course or not. Operational Data Vs. Warehoused Data Transactional data and DSS data are different in the summarization level, transaction type, query activities and dimensionality. Summarization level The degree to which DSS data are summarized is very high when contrasted with the operational data (5:39). For example, rather than storing thousands of sales transactions for